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Supplemental Content Ebbeling CB, Swain JF, Feldman HA, et al. The participants were offered group and individual instructional sessions for 2 years. Conclusions Reduced-calorie diets result in clinically meaningful weight loss regardless of which macronutrients they emphasize. The primary outcome was the change in body weight after 2 years in two-by-two factorial comparisons of low fat versus high fat and average protein versus high protein and in the comparison of highest and lowest carbohydrate content. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Composition of the Run-in and Test Diets During Weight-Loss Maintenance (per 2000 kcal) View Large Download Table 2. The diets improved lipid-related risk factors and fasting insulin levels. ) Full Text of Discussion. Weight and metabolic outcomes after 2 years on a low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diet: a randomized trial. The project staff of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute also participated in the development of the protocol, monitoring of progress, interpretation of results, and critical review of the manuscript. Weight management through lifestyle modification for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: rationale and strategies: a statement of the American Diabetes Association, the North American Association for the Study of Obesity, and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition. Long-term weight loss maintenance in the United States. Study Design of the Run-in and Test Phases View Large Download Body composition was assessed during the weight monitoring period of the run-in phase and following weight loss. Thus, we recognized the need for a large trial that would be designed to overcome the limitations of previous trials and that would compare the effects of three principal dietary macronutrients. Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates.
gov number, NCT00072995. Media in This Article Poll Results Contributors Figure 1 Mean Change in Body Weight and Waist Circumference from Baseline to 2 Years According to Dietary Macronutrient Content. The diets consisted of similar foods and met guidelines for cardiovascular health. Figure 2 Mean Changes in Body Weight and Waist Circumference at Various Time Points. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Participants a View Large Download Table 3. Meal-induced thermogenesis and macronutrient oxidation in lean and obese women after consumption of carbohydrate-rich and fat-rich meals. Immediately before the 3-day inpatient hospital admission, the assessments under free-living conditions were conducted over 14 (total energy expenditure) or 7 (physical activity) days. Participants had to be 30 to 70 years of age and have a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 25 to 40. Abstract Background The possible advantage for weight loss of a diet that emphasizes protein, fat, or carbohydrates has not been established, and there are few studies that extend beyond 1 year. Connected lines indicate individual outcomes for each participant. The crucial question is whether overweight people have a better response in the long term to diets that emphasize a specific macronutrient composition. Participants Our goal was to recruit 800 overweight and obese subjects (400 at each site), of whom about 40% would be men. (ClinicalTrials. Assessments during inpatient hospital admissions and under free-living conditions occurred during the weight monitoring period and at the end of each test diet period. Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss.
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